All grains start life as whole grains. In their natural
state growing in the fields, whole grains are the entire seed of a plant. This
seed (which industry calls a "kernel") is made up of three key edible
parts – the bran, the germ, and the endosperm – protected by an inedible husk
that protects the kernel from assaults by sunlight, pests, water, and disease.
The Bran
The bran is the multi-layered outer skin of the edible
kernel. It contains important antioxidants, B vitamins and fiber.
The Germ
The germ is the embryo which has the potential to sprout
into a new plant. It contains many B vitamins, some protein, minerals, and
healthy fats.
The Endosperm
The endosperm is the germ’s food supply, which provides
essential energy to the young plant so it can send roots down for water and
nutrients, and send sprouts up for sunlight’s photosynthesizing power. The
endosperm is by far the largest portion of the kernel. It contains starchy
carbohydrates, proteins and small amounts of vitamins and minerals.
Whole Grains are Healthier
Whole grains contain all three parts of the kernel. Refining
normally removes the bran and the germ, leaving only the endosperm. Without
the bran and germ, about 25% of a grain’s protein is lost, along with at least
seventeen key nutrients. Processors add back some vitamins and minerals to
enrich refined grains, so refined products still contribute valuable nutrients.
But whole grains are healthier, providing more protein, more fiber and
many important vitamins and minerals.
Whole grains may be eaten whole, cracked, split or ground. They can be milled into flour or used to make breads, cereals and other processed foods. If a food label states that the package contains whole grain, the "whole grain" part of the food inside the package is required to have the same proportions of bran, germ, and endosperm as the harvested kernel does before it is processed.


